Celiac disease is an inherited autoimmune condition resulting from a trigger reaction to gluten in the body. Gluten is a protein found in grains, such as barley, wheat and rye. These are the basis of many staple foods ranging from bakery items such as breads and pasta.
Gluten affects the digestive system it causes a reaction to the immune system which produces antibodies against it. These antibodies harm the lining of the small intestine (the mucosa). As a result, the small intestine is unable to absorb nutrients from the food, leading to nutritional deficiencies. People with celiac disease need to avoid the intake of gluten at all costs, visiting a dietitian can help individuals plan and take gluten-free meals.
WHAT CAUSES CELIAC DISEASE?
Celiac disease, like several autoimmune diseases, is partially a genetic disorder. This means that a specific gene mutation that’s inherited through the family makes an individual more prone to developing it. However, not everyone inherits the disease, and other factors can also cause celiac disease.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF CELIAC DISEASE?
The symptoms of celiac disease differ widely among people making it often hard to spot the disease and the symptoms. Common symptoms of this disease include Some experience gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and indigestion. While others may experience nutritional deficiencies later on, after a while. In these cases, symptoms of anemia may be present first. Symptoms include:
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
- Stomach pain
- Bloated stomach
- Gas
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Fatty stools
Iron-deficiency Anemia Symptoms
- Weakness and fatigue
- Pale complexion
- Cold hands
- Brittle or hollow nails
- Headaches
- Mouth sores
Malnutrition Symptoms
- Unpredictable weight loss
- Delay in growth in children
- Muscle wasting or low muscle tone
- Dental enamel faults, such as pitting, mottled or translucent-looking teeth
- Abnormal periods or difficulty getting conceived
- Irritability and Mood changes, in children and depression in adults
HOW DO YOU TREAT CELIAC DISEASE?
The foremost and important step is to avoid any foods that contain gluten. This helps in healing the lining of the small intestine and its ability to absorb nutrients again. People with celiac disease have to maintain a strict gluten-free diet for life. However, there are other types of treatments, such as:
- Nutritional supplements that help with any serious nutritional deficiencies
- Medications to treat dermatitis herpetiformis, which may be caused due to celiac disease
- Corticosteroids for severe inflammation that’s not responding fast enough to the diet.
- Regular check-ups and tests to assess whether the disease is managed properly
